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>> For generations we
have dreamed about a place

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to live and work in space.

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A space station.

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And right now 260 miles above
us that dream is reality.

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We dreamed that life up there
would benefit life down here.

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That dream has come true.

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Can research onboard
the space station lead

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to cleaner drinking
water on earth?

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Can it help farmers
produce better crops?

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Can it inspire a
generation of students?

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Can it even save a life?

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The answer to these
questions is yes.

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It already has.

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As the work aboard the
International Space Station

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begins to reach its
potential, the benefits

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to humanity are evident.

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These are just a few of
the stories from people

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who have realized those
benefits, in their own words.

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[ Music ]

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>> Is that 2?

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Can you say two?

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>> I found a big lump in the
side of my face and I kept going

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to doctor after doctor.

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And I was in so much pain

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at that time I was
like dying in bed.

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It hurt so bad.

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I've never been in so much pain.

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I went for my first MRI
and then it showed up with

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like hundreds of
tumors all over.

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And then they sent me to
-- Not Doctor Sutherland,

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but someone who works
in his office,

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and he thought it was
neurofibromatosis which I have.

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>> We didn't even
realize what that was.

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We'd always heard it called
the elephant man disease.

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There's different types
of neurofibromatosis.

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One of them the tumors go
on the outside of your skin.

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The other one the tumors
grow on the inside,

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and hers grow on the inside.

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>> A long time ago
when we were thinking

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about this we approached
MacDonald,

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Dettwiler and Associates.

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It's a company that happens
to be located in Canada

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that built robots for space.

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They built what Canadians
call a [inaudible]

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and then they constructed
the special purpose textures

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manipulator for the
International Space Station.

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And the idea was
if they could build

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such complex robots
perhaps in cooperation

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with medicine we
could build a robot

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that could operate
inside an MRI machine.

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>> We did not realize
that it was built

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of the same material
as the space arm.

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And we're quite amazed that's
what he had made it out of.

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>> But it's the multidexterity
of the robot

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and that robot could
perform tasks

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that made us become
increasingly confident

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that we could overcome
the challenges related

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to building a robot that could
operate inside an MRI machine

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with the precision,
the accuracy,

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and the dexterity
of a neurosurgeon.

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It just so happened that the
first individual was a young

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woman and the young woman
harbored a fairly complex tumor

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underneath the front
part of her brain.

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A machine like NeuroArm
can manipulate tools

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at an accuracy of 50 microns.

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That is overwhelmingly superior

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to what the best surgeon
might be able to do.

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>> I think it's fabulous and to
me it's actually mind boggling

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that someone could take
that material and put it

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into a life saving device that
can help millions of people.

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>> I honestly think that
right now I'd be bed ridden.

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I would not be able
to get out of bed

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if it were not for my doctors.

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My parents would be taking
care of my kids right now.

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I guess like I'm glad that
it hopefully helped people

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who have my disease.

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And I hope that it helps people
who need surgery in the future.

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If they're ever propositioned
with a chance in the future

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to have something done like
this, I hope they take it.

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[ Music ]

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>> We're in the town
of Tres Picos.

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This is a water purifier that
uses technology developed

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by NASA and makes free
purified available to all

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of the people of the community.

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The technology was
developed by NASA

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for the International
Space Station.

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In this community the
water comes from the tower,

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but in other communities
where we are working

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on [inaudible] it comes
from the wells, from rivers,

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from streams, from springs.

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The water can come

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from practically any
source that you can imagine.

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People who drink contaminated
water alter their health.

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Their children's
development is diminished.

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>> My name is Raquel Perez
Perez [assumed spelling],

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and I am the campus
assistant of this school.

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There were lots of
children with parasites

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and stomach bugs before
the purified water came.

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Now the kids are healthier

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because they now drink
purified water from the plant.

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The energy that is being used
is solar, and the children come

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to recess with their cups and
they get the water themselves.

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They are happy now
and they want to come

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and drink water all the time.

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>> When you get involved
with a plant of this kind

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that gives people access to pure
water for human consumption,

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that is going to prevent
people from getting sick,

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what you're really doing is
improving people's health,

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but also you're improving
the economy for these people.

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>> If we could put one of
these plants in every community

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and have people use it you
would have resolved one

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of the most important
sources of health problems.

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At least in the rural
areas of Mexico.

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That's the truth.

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If it is well used, you
can change the lives

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of an entire community.

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It gives you children
that learn more.

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It gives you parents who
spend less money on medicine.

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It changes the future.

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[ Music ]

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>> Our farm is called AWG Farms.

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It started back in 1975.

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It's a family run farm.

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I have two brothers now, and
my son [inaudible] operation.

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This will be the
third generation farm

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in this particular area.

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The main crop is sugar beets.

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Then we have spring wheat.

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Sunflowers.

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Soy beans.

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Corn. And once in a while
we'll raise some edible beans.

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[ Music ]

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>> Remote sensing
is a way to look

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at our crops during the growing
season to be able to determine

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if we need to do any
monitoring of diseases and

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or fertility differences.

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We have an organization in Grand
Forks, North Dakota called UMAC.

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Well, that organization
put a camera

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on the space station
called Issac.

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Well, the biggest problem with
satellite imagery is the fact

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that [inaudible] we
get every 16 days.

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And on that 16th day in this
region if we have cloud cover

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that image is virtually
useless for us.

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So then we have to
wait another 16 days.

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The biggest thing with Issac,
we would get it much more often.

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When we wanted to get that
particular image, Issac gave it

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to us when we wanted it versus a
more rotational type satellite.

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They were able to get imagery to
us with a couple bands of light,

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more necessary ones we needed
which is near infrared and red.

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Near infrared band is
something to do with biomass,

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how the crop is growing.

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More biomass, you get more
[inaudible] potential.

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We're able to obtain a piece
of software that's written

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by a local programmer of
this region that allows us

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to take these images and
manipulate them into zones

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within the field itself.

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And by doing that we can see
different patterns in the field,

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and within those patterns we
can manage the field differently

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based off of biomass or
[inaudible] field itself.

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It's just a tool that we can
use as a reference to be able

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to make better decisions.

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And by doing that our
farm is more profitable.

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And that, to me,
is very important.

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[ Music ]

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>> I grew up out in
the country in Indiana.

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Corn and soy beans
were the main crops.

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I had always been interested
in technology and in science.

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Being out in the rural setting
there wasn't a whole lot

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of support for this.

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Space Jam is an annual
weekend boy scout event

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and we do all kinds of
technology based things.

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We have about 1,000 people
that come every year.

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This is our seventh
year of doing it.

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And it's a blast every year.

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The contact with the
International Space Station was

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one of the driving forces that
helped to create Space Jam.

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In fact, the first Space Jam
was really basically only

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about the contact.

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It was a dream of the ham
operator to say, "Hey, let's --

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I want to talk to astronauts
on the space station.

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How cool could that be?"

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That's the top of the game.

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Each year we call up to the
International Space Station

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and we give these young
kids the opportunity

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to ask questions
to the astronaut.

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>> Is it true that it
will take over a year

187
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to get to Mars and back?

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Over.

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>> It absolutely is true.

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>> The first time

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that I remember really having
this real impression was I think

192
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the third year we did this.

193
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I was in charge of actually
calling up the space station

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and establishing the contact.

195
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We were out in the middle of
the night in a field and I said,

196
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"Anyone SS, Anyone SS,
this is WB9SA calling

197
00:11:56,848 --> 00:11:57,949
for a scheduled contact.

198
00:11:57,949 --> 00:11:58,750
Do you copy?

199
00:11:58,750 --> 00:12:00,085
Over." And I sent it again.

200
00:12:00,085 --> 00:12:03,321
And then all of a sudden real
crisp comes back, "WB9SA,

201
00:12:03,321 --> 00:12:04,923
this is the International
Space Station.

202
00:12:04,923 --> 00:12:06,258
How are you doing tonight?"

203
00:12:06,258 --> 00:12:09,027
It's amazing.

204
00:12:09,027 --> 00:12:12,531
I graduated as valedictorian
and I was lucky enough

205
00:12:12,531 --> 00:12:15,667
to be admitted to Princeton
with a complete scholarship.

206
00:12:15,667 --> 00:12:17,536
And I then moved
to San Francisco

207
00:12:17,536 --> 00:12:19,771
where I'm a software engineer.

208
00:12:19,771 --> 00:12:22,641
So I went from living on
a farm to living downtown

209
00:12:22,641 --> 00:12:25,710
in San Francisco writing
software for people.

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It was a really amazing
experience to do all that.

211
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[ Music ]

212
00:12:40,425 --> 00:12:42,627
>> [Inaudible] is a large state.

213
00:12:42,627 --> 00:12:46,264
Our territory is about the
size of France and we consist

214
00:12:46,264 --> 00:12:50,268
of 853 units and municipalities.

215
00:12:50,268 --> 00:12:53,438
There are large distances
between our communities

216
00:12:53,438 --> 00:12:58,009
and many very isolated
rural communities.

217
00:13:01,213 --> 00:13:03,982
We are using new technology
that impacts the quality

218
00:13:03,982 --> 00:13:06,751
of prenatal care the
diagnostic capacity

219
00:13:06,751 --> 00:13:08,119
of the primary care doctor

220
00:13:08,119 --> 00:13:12,490
in the situations involving
distant, isolated communities.

221
00:13:12,490 --> 00:13:17,028
[ Music ]

222
00:13:17,028 --> 00:13:21,733
Providing medical care for
people in remote locations

223
00:13:21,733 --> 00:13:23,869
like these rural communities

224
00:13:23,869 --> 00:13:27,172
or the International Space
Station can be difficult

225
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because trained medical
personnel are not

226
00:13:29,241 --> 00:13:30,308
always available.

227
00:13:30,308 --> 00:13:34,746
NASA research teams
developed techniques

228
00:13:34,746 --> 00:13:37,749
that enabled astronauts
aboard the space station

229
00:13:37,749 --> 00:13:41,653
with minimal training to operate
an ultrasound device using

230
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simple printed guides.

231
00:13:45,257 --> 00:13:48,627
The ultrasound images are
transmitted in real time

232
00:13:48,627 --> 00:13:52,063
to a doctor back on Earth who
can make medical decisions

233
00:13:52,063 --> 00:13:54,065
without actually being
aboard the station.

234
00:13:54,065 --> 00:13:57,802
These same techniques
have been adapted for use

235
00:13:57,802 --> 00:14:01,473
with portable ultrasound
devices in communities

236
00:14:01,473 --> 00:14:05,477
where expert medical care
is not always available.

237
00:14:05,477 --> 00:14:10,849
[ Music ]

238
00:14:10,849 --> 00:14:12,550
>> My name is [inaudible].

239
00:14:12,550 --> 00:14:16,087
I'm a doctor in the
town of Munga.

240
00:14:16,087 --> 00:14:19,357
>> In Munga people live
with a particularity

241
00:14:19,357 --> 00:14:22,894
and that is isolation.

242
00:14:22,894 --> 00:14:26,765
We have a geographical barrier
that is the [inaudible] river

243
00:14:26,765 --> 00:14:33,338
which is both a blessing for the
region, but it also isolates us.

244
00:14:33,338 --> 00:14:40,679
We live in a region where
financial resources are few.

245
00:14:40,679 --> 00:14:44,049
People do not have a lot of
work, but they are honest,

246
00:14:44,049 --> 00:14:47,719
good people who do not
have much opportunity.

247
00:14:47,719 --> 00:14:50,622
So there are many needy people
who need these resources

248
00:14:50,622 --> 00:14:52,524
and rely only on
this institution

249
00:14:52,524 --> 00:14:54,960
to provide assistance.

250
00:14:54,960 --> 00:15:02,467
This is a technology that
helps us solve many problems.

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[ Music ]

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There was a case of a patient
who came to the hospital

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with severe respiratory failure

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and the people realized
she would die

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in just 20 to 30 minutes.

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We ran. We talked with Doctor
[inaudible] who was training us

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to use the ultrasound.

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He came and applied
the ultrasound

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and discovered large
amounts of fluid

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around her lungs and heart.

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We performed a procedure
and drained a lot of fluids.

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In 20 minutes, 10 minutes,

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the woman immediately
experienced an improvement.

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And in half an hour
was already walking.

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It was like a miracle.

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Arise and walk.

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She was dying in front of us

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without people knowing
what was happening.

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This ultrasound was instrumental

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in saving the life
of that patient.

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[ Music ]

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>> We've only begun to see the
International Space Station's

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benefits to humanity.

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These are just a few of
the ways that the science

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and research conducted
aboard the ISS is improving

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lives today.

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There are countless
more benefits to come.

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Sometimes in ways that
we have never predicted.

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Every day hundreds of scientists
around the world are working

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with the crews on board the
International Space Station

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to perform life changing
research.

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Every day they use the
weightless environment of space

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to conduct experiments in ways

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that can't be done
here on Earth.

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And every day those
experiments improve life

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for people all over the world.

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This will be the legacy